Category 1 Rusty Australia's strongest tropical cyclone of 2013
Australia's most dangerous tropical cyclone of the season so far is Tropical Cyclone Rusty, which has intensified to Category 1 strength and is lumbering southeastwards towards the northwestern coast of Australia at 6 mph. Rusty is expected to intensify further into a powerful Category 3 storm, and is predicted to make landfall near the town of Port Hedland (population 15,000) on Tuesday near 18 UTC (1 pm EST in the U.S.) Rusty formed on Saturday evening when westerly winds blowing near the Equator combined with easterly winds blowing south of New Guinea to create an unusually large tropical storm with a huge, 100-mile diameter cloud-free center. Ordinarily, a storm this large takes a long time to wind up, but Rusty intensified quickly, taking advantage of low wind shear of 5 - 10 knots, and near-record warm ocean temperatures of 31 - 32°C (88 - 90°F). It's not often that a tropical cyclone gets 31 - 32°C waters to feed off of; these temperature are about 1.5°C (2.7°F) warmer than average for this time of year. The hot ocean temperatures are largely due to Australia's hottest month in its history--the nationally-averaged monthly maximum temperature during January 2013 was the highest ever recorded. For the waters off the northwest Australian coast (15°S - 20°S, 115°E - 120°E), only two years since ocean temperature records began in 1960 have seen February ocean temperatures this warm (1.57°C above average in 2005, and 1.62°C above average in 1983.) The warm waters also extend to great depth; the tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) in this region is over 90 kJ/cm**2, a value commonly associated with rapid intensification. With its slow movement, large circulation, and near-record warm waters to feed off, Rusty is going to dump some prodigious rains on the coast of northwestern Australia over the next few days. Radar out of Port Hedland shows very heavy rains already affecting the coast, and sustained wind as high as 38 mph have been observed there today.

Figure 1. Radar image of Rusty showing the large cloud-free center and an intense band of precipitation to it southwest moving ashore over the coast of Australia near Port Hedland. image credit: Bureau of Meteorology.

Figure 2. Tropical Cyclone Rusty at 0555 UTC on February 24, 2013 as seen by NASA's Aqua satellite. At the time, Rusty was a tropical storm with 50 mph winds, and had an usually large cloud-free center more than 100 miles in diameter. Image credit: NASA.
Rusty the strongest tropical cyclone to affect Australia so far in 2013
It's been a rather quiet tropical cyclone season for Australia so far in 2012 - 2013; only two weak tropical storms have hit the country. Tropical Cyclone Peta hit the northwest coast on January 23 as a tropical storm with 45 mph winds. Peta dumped heavy rains of 4 - 10" (102 - 254 mm) in the Port Hedland area, very close to where Rusty is expected to make landfall. Peta's rains caused widespread flooding but no major damage. More serious were the rains from the remnants of Tropical Cyclone Oswald, which hit the Queensland coast in Northeast Australia on January 21 as a tropical storm with 40 mph winds. The remnants of Oswald pushed southwards along the coast and generated record rains that caused massive flooding in Queensland. Six people died and damage was estimated at $2.5 billion. The heaviest rains fell near Tully, where approximately 1 meter (39") of rain fell in 48 hours.

Figure 3. Tropical Cyclone Oswald at 0425 UTC on January 21, 2013. Oswald hit Queensland, Australia as a tropical storm with 40 mph winds. Image credit: NASA.
Jeff Masters
Reader Comments
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Winds were 30-50mph this morning between 4-5 am here.
Pouring rain, some thunder 35F.
Had to change my morning route to swim practice to avoid fallen trees.
When I woke up it sounded like a severe thunderstorm.
I haven't seen any reports of 90mph winds. That type of wind would do damage (trees, power lines, etc...)
Just be patient. Another storm system will come along and roar through this area sometime soon. So this one was fairly quiet but not all of them will be.
In fact, we get something potent in the wintertime or later almost every year. In some years we can get two or more such systems in quick succession.
In 2011, I recall waking up in the pre-dawn hours to flash/flash/crash/bang, whirling and howling winds and the heavy rain drops just starting to fall...
Then I turned on Bay News 9 and the other local news outlets and found tornado and severe thunderstorm warnings all over the place. This was in late March and early April of that year. A few weeks later, the massive and tragic outbreak took place up in Alabama and surrounding states.
Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology
Western Australia
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre
Media: Transmitters serving the area between Wallal and Whim Creek are
requested to USE the Standard Emergency Warning Signal before broadcasting the
following warning.
TOP PRIORITY FOR IMMEDIATE BROADCAST
TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 28
Issued at 11:51 pm WST on Tuesday 26 February 2013
A Cyclone WARNING is current for coastal areas from Bidyadanga to Mardie
including Port Hedland, Karratha and Dampier, and adjacent inland areas of the
Pilbara, including Marble Bar, Nullagine and Millstream.
A Cyclone WATCH is current for remaining central and eastern areas of the
Pilbara including Tom Price, Newman, Telfer and adjacent parts of the Gascoyne
district.
At 11:00 pm WST Severe Tropical Cyclone Rusty, Category 3 was estimated to be
125 kilometres north northeast of Port Hedland and
285 kilometres northeast of Karratha and is near stationary.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Rusty has been near stationary over the last few hours
but is expected to resume a southerly track towards the Pilbara coast during
Wednesday. The slow motion and large size of Rusty means that the destructive
and very destructive winds will occur on the coast well before the centre
crosses the coast, and will extend some distance from the centre. Wind gusts to
120 kilometres per hour have already been experienced in Port Hedland and
conditions there are likely to get slowly worse during Wednesday.
Gales are occuring on the coast between Sandfire Roadhouse and Whim Creek, with
destructive winds extending from near Port Hedland to around Wallal. Gales may
extend west to Karratha and begin to extend inland towards Marble Bar and
Millstream later Wednesday.
VERY DESTRUCTIVE winds with gusts in excess of 165 kilometres per hour are
likely to develop in coastal parts between Whim Creek and Pardoo during
Wednesday as Severe Tropical Cyclone Rusty approaches the coast.
This is a large tropical cyclone and its slow movement is likely to result in
an extended period of destructive winds near the track, with rainfall that is
heavier than that associated with a typical system. Widespread very heavy
rainfall on Wednesday and Thursday is likely to lead to MAJOR FLOODING in the
De Grey catchment. Significant flooding is also likely in the Fortescue
catchment and in Pilbara coastal streams.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Rusty's intensity, size and slow movement is also
likely to lead to a VERY DANGEROUS STORM TIDE. Tides are likely to rise
significantly above the normal high tide mark with DAMAGING WAVES and VERY
DANGEROUS COASTAL INUNDATION.
DFES State Emergency Service (SES) advises of the following community alerts:
RED ALERT: People in or near communities between Pardoo and Whim Creek,
including Port Hedland and South Hedland should remain in shelter.
YELLOW ALERT: People in communities between Wallal and Pardoo, extending inland
to Marble Bar need to take action and get ready to shelter from a cyclone.
BLUE ALERT: People in communities between Bidyadanga and Wallal and between
Whim Creek and Mardie, including Karratha and extending to inland areas
including Nullagine and Millstream, need to prepare for cyclonic weather and
organise an emergency kit including first aid kit, torch, portable radio, spare
batteries, food and water.
Details of Severe Tropical Cyclone Rusty at 11:00 pm WST:
.Centre located near...... 19.3 degrees South 119.1 degrees East
.Location accuracy........ within 30 kilometres
.Recent movement.......... near stationary
.Wind gusts near centre... 205 km/hour(127mph)(110kts) and INTENSIFYING
.Severity category........ 3
.Central pressure......... 953 hectoPascals
The next advice will be issued by 3:00 am WST Wednesday 27 February.
* THIS IS A TEST MESSAGE. TEST TORNADO WARNING FOR...ALL OF WISCONSIN...
Tell me about, here in Pinellas county we see a lot of tornadoes. I personally have witnessed at least 2 and that doesn't include the numerous funnel clouds and water spouts I've seen.
Just a few year back we had 10 tornadoes in a severe event just in this county. I can't think of a year where at least 1 tornado hasn't been confirmed somewhere around Tampa Bay. I'm sure there may have been some years. but not in recent memory. I've had close calls with tornadoes coming within a couple miles of striking my house at least a few times since living here in the 90's.
In fact, if a freak low pressure system like those that produce major tornado outbreaks in the Southern plains and deep south were to track over Florida, the fact that we often have a lot higher dew points, heating, and CAPE available would actually make our area prime for high end tornadoes.
It's just the upper level system that produce the necessary dynamics are so far removed they usually aren't strong. However the large amount of tornadoes we get are indication that Florida actually is a great environment for tornadoes to form. It's just the systems which provide the strong cold pools aloft and dynamic shear most of the time stay well north of us.
But Sandy is a great example, it can certainly happen. The scary thing is our worse tornado outbreaks often come during the Spring when we are on average experiencing the driest and fair weather of the year.
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