Meyers Chuck, AK

11:59 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012 (GMT -0800)
Elev: 125 ft
Lon: 132.2° W
Lat: 55.7° N
Source
Rapid Fire Updates™
 Updated 11:53 PM AKDT Get Free Weather Stickers® Share:
Your Custom Weather Sticker®

Copy the following lines of HTML:
Get more styles and options for your Weather Sticker® here.
Tropical Weather: Tropical Depression Alberto (North Atlantic) Tropical Depression Two-E (East Pacific) Tropical Storm Sanvu (Western Pacific)
Weather Summary
Jessica Parker
Weather Underground Forecast for Tuesday, May 22, 2012.

Tropical Storm Alberto is expected to weaken to tropical depression strength on Tuesday as it accelerates northeastward through the western Atlantic Ocean. This system is expected to continue on a northeastward track through Wednesday and dissipate by Thursday. For more information on Tropical Storm Alberto and other tropical activity, please visit http://www.wunderground.com/tropical.

Meanwhile, a cold front pushing across the Eastern Valleys will reach the Eastern Seaboard with more unsettled weather activity. The front will stir up scattered showers and thunderstorms from portions of the Lower Great Lakes and Northeast southward into the Southeast and Central Gulf Coast states through the day. Areas along the Gulf Coast and across much of Florida and Texas will remain hot on Tuesday as daytime highs reach into the upper 80s and 90s.

To the west of this activity, a cold front will cross the Northwest, bringing rain showers with afternoon and evening thunderstorms to parts of the Northern Intermountain West and Northern Rockies. This frontal system will merge with another disturbance dropping out of southern Canada as it progresses eastward. Expect thunderstorm activity to spread into the Northern Plains ahead of this system. Storms in this region may turn severe with very large hail and damaging wind gusts. Meanwhile, a stronger front from the Pacific will reach the Pacific Northwest with a cooler airmass and precipitation.

Elsewhere in the West, temperatures across the Desert Southwest will climb into the 100 to near 110 degree range on Tuesday.
Weather Underground Forecast for Tuesday, May 22, 2012.

Tropical Storm Alberto is expected to weaken to tropical depression strength on Tuesday as it accelerates northeastward through the western Atlantic Ocean. This system is expected to continue on a northeastward track through Wednesday and dissipate by Thursday. For more information on Tropical Storm Alberto and other tropical activity, please visit http://www.wunderground.com/tropical.

Meanwhile, a cold front pushing across the Eastern Valleys will reach the Eastern Seaboard with more unsettled weather activity. The front will stir up scattered showers and thunderstorms from portions of the Lower Great Lakes and Northeast southward into the Southeast and Central Gulf Coast states through the day. Areas along the Gulf Coast and across much of Florida and Texas will remain hot on Tuesday as daytime highs reach into the upper 80s and 90s.

To the west of this activity, a cold front will cross the Northwest, bringing rain showers with afternoon and evening thunderstorms to parts of the Northern Intermountain West and Northern Rockies. This frontal system will merge with another disturbance dropping out of southern Canada as it progresses eastward. Expect thunderstorm activity to spread into the Northern Plains ahead of this system. Storms in this region may turn severe with very large hail and damaging wind gusts. Meanwhile, a stronger front from the Pacific will reach the Pacific Northwest with a cooler airmass and precipitation.

Elsewhere in the West, temperatures across the Desert Southwest will climb into the 100 to near 110 degree range on Tuesday.
Weather Underground Broadcast Network

Meyers Chuck Weather at a Glance

Updated 11:53 PM AKDT
Weather Station
Ketchikan (PAKT)
Elevation
85 ft
Report Station
You are about to report this weather station for bad data.

Please select the information which is incorrect and click 'Submit' otherwise click 'Cancel'.

— Cancel

Now
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly Cloudy
Temperature
48 °F
Feels Like 48 °F
Wind(mph)
13
Sunrise / Set
4:26 AM
9:06 PM
Moon
New Moon
Tonight
Rain 45 °F
Rain
80% chance of precipitation
Tomorrow
Chance of Rain 52 °F
Chance of Rain
50% chance of precipitation
Tomorrow Night
Rain Showers 43 °F
Rain Showers
40% chance of precipitation
Wednesday
Rain Showers 55 | 45 °F
Rain Showers
40% chance of precipitation
Thursday
Partly Cloudy 57 | 46 °F
Partly Cloudy
Friday
Mostly Cloudy 66 | 45 °F
Mostly Cloudy
Tomorrow is forecast to be Cooler than today.
Conditions
Pressure
29.66 in
Visibility
10.0 miles
Clouds
Scattered Clouds 1500 ft
Mostly Cloudy 3900 ft
Mostly Cloudy 5000 ft
Moisture
Humidity
86%
Rainfall
0.83 in
Snow Depth
Not available.
METAR
METAR PAKT 220753Z AUTO 13011G16KT 10SM SCT015 BKN039 BKN050 09/07 A2966 RMK AO2 SLP044 T00890067 TSNO
Don't speak METAR? Read our FAQ.
Weather Radio
Weather Radio Index
Temperature
Temperature
48 °F
Dew Point
44 °F
Wind
Speed / Dir
13 mph from SE
Wind Gust
18 mph
Health
UV
0 out of 16
Pollen
Not available.
Air Quality
Not available.
Flu Activity
Regional
View Flu Map
Loading…
Source: BestForecast
Descriptive Forecast
Monday Night
nt_rain Overcast with rain showers. Low of 45F. Winds from the SE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 80%.
Tuesday
chancerain Overcast with rain showers, then a chance of rain in the afternoon. High of 52F. Winds from the ESE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 50%.
Tuesday Night
nt_rain Partly cloudy with rain showers in the evening, then mostly cloudy with rain showers. Low of 43F. Winds from the ESE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Wednesday
rain Overcast with rain showers. High of 55F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Wednesday Night
nt_mostlycloudy Overcast. Low of 45F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 30%.
Thursday
partlycloudy Partly cloudy in the morning, then mostly cloudy. High of 57F. Winds from the WNW at 10 to 15 mph.
Thursday Night
nt_partlycloudy Partly cloudy. Fog overnight. Low of 46F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Friday
mostlycloudy Overcast. High of 66F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Friday Night
nt_mostlycloudy Overcast. Fog overnight. Low of 45F. Winds from the South at 5 to 10 mph.
Saturday
mostlycloudy Overcast. Fog early. High of 50F. Winds from the SSE at 5 to 15 mph.
Saturday Night
nt_chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. Low of 43F. Winds from the SSE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 70% with rainfall amounts near 0.4 in. possible.
Sunday
chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. High of 54F. Winds from the SSE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 50%.
Sunday Night
nt_chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. Low of 41F. Winds from the SE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 70% with rainfall amounts near 0.5 in. possible.
Monday
chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. High of 48F. Winds from the SE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 70% with rainfall amounts near 0.3 in. possible.
Monday Night
nt_cloudy Overcast. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 20%.
Tuesday
chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. High of 48F. Winds from the SE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Tuesday Night
nt_chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 50% with rainfall amounts near 0.2 in. possible.
Wednesday
chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. High of 48F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Wednesday Night
nt_mostlycloudy Mostly cloudy. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Thursday
chancerain Mostly cloudy with a chance of rain. High of 48F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 50%.
Thursday Night
nt_chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Friday
partlycloudy Partly cloudy. High of 50F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Friday Night
nt_clear Clear. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Loading…
 

There are no webcams in your area.

Share your webcam with the world!

Forecast

View Calendar 10-Day Forecast for station PAKT

Tuesday, 22
Chance of Rain
52 | 43 °F
Chance of Rain
Chance of
Precipitation
50%
Wednesday, 23
Rain Showers
55 | 45 °F
Rain Showers
Chance of
Precipitation
40%
Thursday, 24
Partly Cloudy
57 | 46 °F
Partly Cloudy
Chance of
Precipitation
10%
Friday, 25
Mostly Cloudy
66 | 45 °F
Mostly Cloudy
Chance of
Precipitation
0%
Saturday, 26
Mostly Cloudy
50 | 43 °F
Mostly Cloudy
Chance of
Precipitation
0%
Sunday, 27
Chance of Rain
54 | 41 °F
Chance of Rain
Chance of
Precipitation
50%
Monday, 28
Chance of Rain
48 | 41 °F
Chance of Rain
Chance of
Precipitation
70%
Tuesday, 29
Chance of Rain
48 | 41 °F
Chance of Rain
Chance of
Precipitation
40%
Wednesday, 30
Chance of Rain
48 | 41 °F
Chance of Rain
Chance of
Precipitation
40%
Thursday, 31
Chance of Rain
48 | 41 °F
Chance of Rain
Chance of
Precipitation
50%
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Tuesday
chancerain Overcast with rain showers, then a chance of rain in the afternoon. High of 52F. Winds from the ESE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 50%.
Tuesday Night
nt_rain Partly cloudy with rain showers in the evening, then mostly cloudy with rain showers. Low of 43F. Winds from the ESE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 46 | 43 51 | 45 50 | 44 45 | 39
Wind 11 mph SE 10 mph ESE 8 mph ESE 5 mph ESE
Humidity 88% 81% 78% 80%
Chance of Precip. 80% 50% 50% 40%
Cloud Cover 75% 94% 70% 64%
Conditions Rain Showers Rain Showers Chance of Rain Rain Showers
Sunrise & Sunset
4:26 AM
9:06 PM
The quality of the forecasted high temperature for this day is excellent. MaxT RMSE [1.44], Average RMSE [1.10]
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Wednesday
rain Overcast with rain showers. High of 55F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Wednesday Night
nt_mostlycloudy Overcast. Low of 45F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 30%.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 46 | 46 52 | 43 55 | 47 46 | 44
Wind 2 mph ESE 2 mph SE 3 mph WNW 4 mph WNW
Humidity 94% 72% 74% 88%
Chance of Precip. 40% 40% 40% 10%
Cloud Cover 77% 77% 70% 68%
Conditions Rain Showers Rain Showers Rain Showers Mostly Cloudy
Sunrise & Sunset
4:24 AM
9:07 PM
The quality of the forecasted high temperature for this day is good. MaxT RMSE [1.68], Average RMSE [1.18]
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Thursday
partlycloudy Partly cloudy in the morning, then mostly cloudy. High of 57F. Winds from the WNW at 10 to 15 mph.
Thursday Night
nt_partlycloudy Partly cloudy. Fog overnight. Low of 46F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 50 | 41 54 | 45 56 | 47 50 | 44
Wind 7 mph WNW 10 mph WNW 7 mph WNW 5 mph WNW
Humidity 76% 72% 72% 82%
Chance of Precip. 10% 10% 10% 0%
Cloud Cover 90% 63% 36% 26%
Conditions Overcast Partly Cloudy Partly Cloudy Partly Cloudy
Sunrise & Sunset
4:23 AM
9:09 PM
The quality of the forecasted high temperature for this day is good. MaxT RMSE [1.76], Average RMSE [1.14]
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Friday
mostlycloudy Overcast. High of 66F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Friday Night
nt_mostlycloudy Overcast. Fog overnight. Low of 45F. Winds from the South at 5 to 10 mph.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 47 | 44 60 | 45 64 | 49 51 | 46
Wind 3 mph NNW 4 mph WSW 7 mph SSW 4 mph South
Humidity 83% 58% 59% 85%
Chance of Precip. 0% 0% 0% 0%
Cloud Cover 32% 92% 18% 100%
Conditions Fog Overcast Clear Overcast
Sunrise & Sunset
4:21 AM
9:10 PM
The quality of the forecasted high temperature for this day is good. MaxT RMSE [2.35], Average RMSE [1.11]
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Saturday
mostlycloudy Overcast. Fog early. High of 50F. Winds from the SSE at 5 to 15 mph.
Saturday Night
nt_chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. Low of 43F. Winds from the SSE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 70% with rainfall amounts near 0.4 in. possible.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 47 | 45 48 | 38 48 | 46 47 | 47
Wind 4 mph SSE 10 mph SSE 8 mph SSE 7 mph SSE
Humidity 93% 70% 92% 98%
Chance of Precip. 0% 0% 10% 30%
Cloud Cover 87% 41% 86% 96%
Conditions Fog Partly Cloudy Fog Chance of Rain
Sunrise & Sunset
4:20 AM
9:12 PM
The quality of the forecasted high temperature for this day is good. MaxT RMSE [2.27], Average RMSE [1.35]
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Sunday
chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. High of 54F. Winds from the SSE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 50%.
Sunday Night
nt_chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. Low of 41F. Winds from the SE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 70% with rainfall amounts near 0.5 in. possible.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 44 | 42 47 | 44 49 | 45 42 | 42
Wind 6 mph SSE 8 mph SSE 7 mph SSE 6 mph SE
Humidity 93% 89% 83% 97%
Chance of Precip. 30% 20% 20% 30%
Cloud Cover 100% 100% 100% 100%
Conditions Chance of Rain Chance of Rain Chance of Rain Chance of Rain
Sunrise & Sunset
4:20 AM
9:12 PM
The quality of the forecasted high temperature for this day is good. MaxT RMSE [1.94], Average RMSE [1.29]
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Monday
chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. High of 48F. Winds from the SE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 70% with rainfall amounts near 0.3 in. possible.
Monday Night
nt_cloudy Overcast. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 20%.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 43 | 43 46 | 46 46 | 46 43 | 42
Wind 6 mph SE 5 mph SE 5 mph SSE 4 mph ESE
Humidity 98% 97% 97% 94%
Chance of Precip. 30% 30% 20% 10%
Cloud Cover 100% 100% 100% 100%
Conditions Chance of Rain Chance of Rain Chance of Rain Overcast
Sunrise & Sunset
4:20 AM
9:12 PM
The quality of the forecasted high temperature for this day is good. MaxT RMSE [1.91], Average RMSE [1.25]
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Tuesday
chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. High of 48F. Winds from the SE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Tuesday Night
nt_chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 50% with rainfall amounts near 0.2 in. possible.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 43 | 42 47 | 42 46 | 40 42 | 41
Wind 5 mph SE 7 mph SE 7 mph SSE 3 mph SSE
Humidity 95% 80% 78% 93%
Chance of Precip. 10% 20% 10% 30%
Cloud Cover 100% 100% 100% 100%
Conditions Overcast Chance of Rain Overcast Chance of Rain
Sunrise & Sunset
4:20 AM
9:12 PM
The quality of the forecasted high temperature for this day is good. MaxT RMSE [2.07], Average RMSE [1.40]
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Wednesday
chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. High of 48F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Wednesday Night
nt_mostlycloudy Mostly cloudy. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 44 | 41 47 | 45 47 | 43 44 | 42
Wind 3 mph SSE 5 mph South 6 mph South 4 mph SSE
Humidity 90% 89% 84% 91%
Chance of Precip. 30% 20% 20% 10%
Cloud Cover 100% 100% 100% 100%
Conditions Chance of Rain Chance of Rain Chance of Rain Overcast
Sunrise & Sunset
4:20 AM
9:12 PM
The quality of the forecasted high temperature for this day is good. MaxT RMSE [2.39], Average RMSE [1.58]
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Thursday
chancerain Mostly cloudy with a chance of rain. High of 48F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 50%.
Thursday Night
nt_chancerain Overcast with a chance of rain. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 44 | 43 46 | 45 47 | 45 44 | 42
Wind 3 mph SSE 4 mph South 4 mph South 2 mph South
Humidity 93% 91% 91% 94%
Chance of Precip. 10% 30% 30% 20%
Cloud Cover 67% 79% 90% 92%
Conditions Mostly Cloudy Chance of Rain Chance of Rain Chance of Rain
Sunrise & Sunset
4:20 AM
9:12 PM
Source: BestForecast at 11:30 PM AKDT on May 21, 2012
Descriptive Forecast
Friday
partlycloudy Partly cloudy. High of 50F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Friday Night
nt_clear Clear. Low of 41F. Winds less than 5 mph.
Hourly Forecast 6AM 12 Noon 6PM 12 Midnight
Temp. | Dew Point 44 | 42 47 | 41 47 | 39 44 | 38
Wind 2 mph South 3 mph SSW 3 mph SW 2 mph WSW
Humidity 91% 75% 69% 80%
Chance of Precip. 20% 10% 10% 0%
Cloud Cover 93% 95% 96% %
Conditions Chance of Rain Overcast Overcast Clear
Sunrise & Sunset
4:20 AM
9:12 PM
Scientific Forecaster Discussion — MOS Weather Graph
Nearby
History & Almanac
May 22, 2012 Max Temp Min Temp
Normal 55 °F 41 °F
Record 87 °F (1963) 34 °F (1973)
Yesterday 54 °F 45 °F
Choose a date
Earthquake Activity
City Distance Mag. Time & Date
No recent earthquake activity has been reported nearby.
Minimum magnitude displayed is 2.5.
More information at USGS.gov
Coastal Water Temperatures
Place Temperature
No Stations Reporting
Marine Forecast
Astronomy
May. 21, 2012 Rise Set
Actual Time 4:26 AM AKDT 9:06 PM AKDT
Civil Twilight 3:34 AM AKDT 9:58 PM AKDT
Nautical Twilight 2:07 AM AKDT 11:27 PM AKDT
Astronomical Twilight Sun does not rise Sun does not rise
Moon 4:51 AM AKDT (5/21) 10:06 PM AKDT (5/21)
Length Of Visible Light 18h 24m
Length of Day
16h 39m
Tomorrow will be 3m 11s longer.
New Moon, 2% of the Moon is Illuminated
Today
New Moon
May 28
First Quarter
Jun 4
Full
Jun 11
Last Quarter
Jun 19
New
Yesterday's Extremes
State Highs State Lows
70 °F
Nenana
70 °F
Fairbanks
69 °F
Manley Hot Springs
69 °F
Fort Yukon
69 °F
Tanana
21 °F
Chevak
21 °F
Deadhorse
23 °F
Kuparuk
23 °F
Deadhorse Alpine Airstrip
24 °F
Nuiqsut
Record Extremes
Snow Depth
Station Depth Elevation
Long Lake 81 in 820 ft
Upper Tsaina River 38 in 1750 ft
Moraine 10 in 2100 ft
Nuka Glacier 109 in 1250 ft
Grouse Creek Divide 32 in 700 ft
Snow Depth Reports — Snow Depth Map
Follow us on Twitter Find us on Facebook Community
WunderPhotos®
Partial Eclipse Olathe,KS 05202012
Eclipse over Japan
• • • • • • • • • •
Uploaded by: Acouostic
1,494,623 photos uploaded!
Upload a photo now
Visit WunderPhotos
WunderBlogs®

There are no recent blogs in this area. Why not create your own?

Visit WunderBlogs
Travel & Activities
Travel Planning
Travel Planner Road Trip Planner
Destination? *
When are you going?
to
Is there an activity you would like to explore?
* Required field
View all Travel Tools
Nearby Events
Event Date Forecast
No events within 10 mi of location. View all events.
Event data courtesy eviesays.com
Aviation
City Temp. Conditions Updated
Ketchikan 48 °F Mostly Cloudy 11:53 PM AKDT
Klawock 46 °F Light Rain Mist 11:53 PM AKDT
Hydaburg 46 °F Overcast 11:56 PM AKDT
Wrangell 52 °F Light Rain Drizzle 9:45 PM AKDT
View all Aviation Tools
Flight To ETA Status
No flights were found.
Flight Tracker by FlightAware FlightAware
View U.S. Airport Delays
Type Condition
Flight Rule: VFR (PAKT)
Wind Speed: 11.0 kts.
Wind Dir: 130° (SE)
Ceiling: 3900 ft

METAR PAKT 220753Z AUTO 13011G16KT 10SM SCT015 BKN039 BKN050 09/07 A2966 RMK AO2 SLP044 T00890067 TSNO

View all Reports & Maps
Sports
Event Date Forecast
Dodgers vs. Diamondbacks 6:40 PM MST on May 21, 2012 Clear, 99 °F
Angels vs. Athletics 7:05 PM PDT on May 21, 2012 Partly Cloudy, 58 °F
Event Date Forecast
Cartagena vs. Córdoba CF 9:00 PM CEST on May 22, 2012 Scattered Clouds, High 82° F/ 28° C
Villarreal B vs. Girona 9:00 PM CEST on May 22, 2012 Chance of Rain, High 71° F/ 22° C
Event Date Forecast
Coca-Cola 600 6:16 PM EDT on May 27, 2012 Chance of a Thunderstorm, 79 °F
FedEx 400 benefiting Autism Speaks 1:15 PM EDT on June 03, 2012 Average High 79° F/ 26° C
Event Date Forecast
Crowne Plaza Invitational at Colonial 8:30 AM CDT on May 24, 2012 Clear, 68 °F
Crowne Plaza Invitational at Colonial 8:30 AM CDT on May 25, 2012 Partly Cloudy, 72 °F
View all Sports Weather
Weather Stations

There are no personal weather stations in this area.